This Article Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Reprints and Permissions Copyright Information Books from ASM Press MicrobeWorld Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Ménard, R Articles by Parsot, C Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Ménard, R Articles by Parsot, C

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

J Bacteriol. 1993 September; 175(18): 5899-5906

research-article

Nonpolar mutagenesis of the ipa genes defines IpaB, IpaC, and IpaD as effectors of Shigella flexneri entry into epithelial cells.

Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Unité 199 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.

ABSTRACT

A 31-kb fragment of the large virulence plasmid of Shigella flexneri is necessary for bacterial entry into epithelial cells in vitro. One locus of this fragment encodes the IpaA, -B, -C, and -D proteins, which are the dominant antigens of the humoral immune response during shigellosis. To address the role of the ipa genes, which are clustered in an operon, we constructed a selectable cassette that does not affect transcription of downstream genes and used this cassette to inactivate the ipaB, ipaC, and ipaD genes. Each of these nonpolar mutants was defective in entry and lysis of the phagocytic vacuole but was not impaired in adhesion to the cells. We showed that, like IpaB and IpaC, IpaD is secreted into the culture supernatant and that none of these proteins is necessary for secretion of the other two. This result differentiates the Ipa proteins, which direct the entry process, from the Mxi and Spa proteins, which direct secretion of the Ipa proteins. Moreover, lack of either IpaB or IpaD resulted in the release of larger amounts of the other Ipa polypeptides into the culture medium, which indicates that, in addition to their role in invasion, IpaB and IpaD are each involved in the maintenance of the association of the Ipa proteins with the bacterium.

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Veenendaal, A. K. J., Sundin, C., Blocker, A. J. (2009). Small-Molecule Type III Secretion System Inhibitors Block Assembly of the Shigella Type III Secreton. J. Bacteriol. 191: 563-570 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Expert, D., Boughammoura, A., Franza, T. (2008). Siderophore-controlled Iron Assimilation in the Enterobacterium Erwinia chrysanthemi: EVIDENCE FOR THE INVOLVEMENT OF BACTERIOFERRITIN AND THE Suf IRON-SULFUR CLUSTER ASSEMBLY MACHINERY. J. Biol. Chem. 283: 36564-36572 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zhou, Y. N., Coleman, W. G. Jr., Yang, Z., Yang, Y., Hodgson, N., Chen, F., Jin, D. J. (2008). Regulation of Cell Growth during Serum Starvation and Bacterial Survival in Macrophages by the Bifunctional Enzyme SpoT in Helicobacter pylori. J. Bacteriol. 190: 8025-8032 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Harrison, L. M., Rallabhandi, P., Michalski, J., Zhou, X., Steyert, S. R., Vogel, S. N., Kaper, J. B. (2008). Vibrio cholerae Flagellins Induce Toll-Like Receptor 5-Mediated Interleukin-8 Production through Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and NF-{kappa}B Activation. Infect. Immun. 76: 5524-5534 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Humbert, O., Salama, N. R. (2008). The Helicobacter pylori HpyAXII restriction-modification system limits exogenous DNA uptake by targeting GTAC sites but shows asymmetric conservation of the DNA methyltransferase and restriction endonuclease components. Nucleic Acids Res 36: 6893-6906 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Stingl, K., Schauer, K., Ecobichon, C., Labigne, A., Lenormand, P., Rousselle, J.-C., Namane, A., de Reuse, H. (2008). In Vivo Interactome of Helicobacter pylori Urease Revealed by Tandem Affinity Purification. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 7: 2429-2441 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Stensrud, K. F., Adam, P. R., La Mar, C. D., Olive, A. J., Lushington, G. H., Sudharsan, R., Shelton, N. L., Givens, R. S., Picking, W. L., Picking, W. D. (2008). Deoxycholate Interacts with IpaD of Shigella flexneri in Inducing the Recruitment of IpaB to the Type III Secretion Apparatus Needle Tip. J. Biol. Chem. 283: 18646-18654 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Attia, A. S., Sedillo, J. L., Wang, W., Liu, W., Brautigam, C. A., Winkler, W., Hansen, E. J. (2008). Moraxella catarrhalis Expresses an Unusual Hfq Protein. Infect. Immun. 76: 2520-2530 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schwingel, J. M, Michael, F. S., Cox, A. D, Masoud, H., Richards, J. C, Campagnari, A. A (2008). A unique glycosyltransferase involved in the initial assembly of Moraxella catarrhalis lipooligosaccharides. Glycobiology 18: 447-455 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Han, X., Kennan, R. M., Davies, J. K., Reddacliff, L. A., Dhungyel, O. P., Whittington, R. J., Turnbull, L., Whitchurch, C. B., Rood, J. I. (2008). Twitching Motility Is Essential for Virulence in Dichelobacter nodosus. J. Bacteriol. 190: 3323-3335 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bashyam, H. (2008). Robert Menard: Tailing malaria parasites to the red blood cell. JEM 205: 744-745 [Full Text]  
• Gebhard, S., Cook, G. M. (2008). Differential Regulation of High-Affinity Phosphate Transport Systems of Mycobacterium smegmatis: Identification of PhnF, a Repressor of the phnDCE Operon. J. Bacteriol. 190: 1335-1343 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tzeng, Y.-L., Kahler, C. M., Zhang, X., Stephens, D. S. (2008). MisR/MisS Two-Component Regulon in Neisseria meningitidis. Infect. Immun. 76: 704-716 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schroeder, G. N., Hilbi, H. (2008). Molecular Pathogenesis of Shigella spp.: Controlling Host Cell Signaling, Invasion, and Death by Type III Secretion. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 21: 134-156 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sinha, S., Ambur, O. H., Langford, P. R., Tonjum, T., Kroll, J. S. (2008). Reduced DNA binding and uptake in the absence of DsbA1 and DsbA2 of Neisseria meningitidis due to inefficient folding of the outer-membrane secretin PilQ. Microbiology 154: 217-225 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sikora, A. E., Lybarger, S. R., Sandkvist, M. (2007). Compromised Outer Membrane Integrity in Vibrio cholerae Type II Secretion Mutants. J. Bacteriol. 189: 8484-8495 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kamal, N., Rouquette-Loughlin, C., Shafer, W. M. (2007). The TolC-Like Protein of Neisseria meningitidis Is Required for Extracellular Production of the Repeats-in-Toxin Toxin FrpC but Not for Resistance to Antimicrobials Recognized by the Mtr Efflux Pump System. Infect. Immun. 75: 6008-6012 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Milligan, D. L., Tran, S. L., Strych, U., Cook, G. M., Krause, K. L. (2007). The Alanine Racemase of Mycobacterium smegmatis Is Essential for Growth in the Absence of D-Alanine. J. Bacteriol. 189: 8381-8386 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• McLendon, M. K., Schilling, B., Hunt, J. R., Apicella, M. A., Gibson, B. W. (2007). Identification of LpxL, a Late Acyltransferase of Francisella tularensis. Infect. Immun. 75: 5518-5531 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pearson, M. M., Mobley, H. L. T. (2007). The type III secretion system of Proteus mirabilis HI4320 does not contribute to virulence in the mouse model of ascending urinary tract infection. J Med Microbiol 56: 1277-1283 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schroeder, G. N., Jann, N. J., Hilbi, H. (2007). Intracellular type III secretion by cytoplasmic Shigella flexneri promotes caspase-1-dependent macrophage cell death. Microbiology 153: 2862-2876 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rader, B. A., Campagna, S. R., Semmelhack, M. F., Bassler, B. L., Guillemin, K. (2007). The Quorum-Sensing Molecule Autoinducer 2 Regulates Motility and Flagellar Morphogenesis in Helicobacter pylori. J. Bacteriol. 189: 6109-6117 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Han, X., Kennan, R. M., Parker, D., Davies, J. K., Rood, J. I. (2007). Type IV Fimbrial Biogenesis Is Required for Protease Secretion and Natural Transformation in Dichelobacter nodosus. J. Bacteriol. 189: 5022-5033 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Prunier, A.-L., Schuch, R., Fernandez, R. E., Mumy, K. L., Kohler, H., McCormick, B. A., Maurelli, A. T. (2007). nadA and nadB of Shigella flexneri 5a are antivirulence loci responsible for the synthesis of quinolinate, a small molecule inhibitor of Shigella pathogenicity. Microbiology 153: 2363-2372 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Plamondon, P., Luke, N. R., Campagnari, A. A. (2007). Identification of a Novel Two-Partner Secretion Locus in Moraxella catarrhalis. Infect. Immun. 75: 2929-2936 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Clark, C. S., Maurelli, A. T. (2007). Shigella flexneri Inhibits Staurosporine-Induced Apoptosis in Epithelial Cells. Infect. Immun. 75: 2531-2539 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Johnson, S., Roversi, P., Espina, M., Olive, A., Deane, J. E., Birket, S., Field, T., Picking, W. D., Blocker, A. J., Galyov, E. E., Picking, W. L., Lea, S. M. (2007). Self-chaperoning of the Type III Secretion System Needle Tip Proteins IpaD and BipD. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 4035-4044 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Okada, N., Oi, Y., Takeda-Shitaka, M., Kanou, K., Umeyama, H., Haneda, T., Miki, T., Hosoya, S., Danbara, H. (2007). Identification of amino acid residues of Salmonella SlyA that are critical for transcriptional regulation. Microbiology 153: 548-560 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Duque, E., Rodriguez-Herva, J.-J., de la Torre, J., Dominguez-Cuevas, P., Munoz-Rojas, J., Ramos, J.-L. (2007). The RpoT Regulon of Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E and Its Role in Stress Endurance against Solvents. J. Bacteriol. 189: 207-219 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• DeMali, K. A., Jue, A. L., Burridge, K. (2006). IpaA Targets beta1 Integrins and Rho to Promote Actin Cytoskeleton Rearrangements Necessary for Shigella Entry. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 39534-39541 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wand, M. E., Sockett, R. E., Evans, K. J., Doherty, N., Sharp, P. M., Hardie, K. R., Winzer, K. (2006). Helicobacter pylori FlhB Function: the FlhB C-Terminal Homologue HP1575 Acts as a "Spare Part" To Permit Flagellar Export When the HP0770 FlhBCC Domain Is Deleted.. J. Bacteriol. 188: 7531-7541 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gebhard, S., Tran, S. L., Cook, G. M. (2006). The Phn system of Mycobacterium smegmatis: a second high-affinity ABC-transporter for phosphate.. Microbiology 152: 3453-3465 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Espina, M., Olive, A. J., Kenjale, R., Moore, D. S., Ausar, S. F., Kaminski, R. W., Oaks, E. V., Middaugh, C. R., Picking, W. D., Picking, W. L. (2006). IpaD Localizes to the Tip of the Type III Secretion System Needle of Shigella flexneri.. Infect. Immun. 74: 4391-4400 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mouery, K., Rader, B. A., Gaynor, E. C., Guillemin, K. (2006). The Stringent Response Is Required for Helicobacter pylori Survival of Stationary Phase, Exposure to Acid, and Aerobic Shock.. J. Bacteriol. 188: 5494-5500 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wu, H., Jerse, A. E. (2006). {alpha}-2,3-Sialyltransferase Enhances Neisseria gonorrhoeae Survival during Experimental Murine Genital Tract Infection. Infect. Immun. 74: 4094-4103 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Deng, K., Blick, R. J., Liu, W., Hansen, E. J. (2006). Identification of Francisella tularensis Genes Affected by Iron Limitation. Infect. Immun. 74: 4224-4236 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tzeng, Y.-L., Zhou, X., Bao, S., Zhao, S., Noble, C., Stephens, D. S. (2006). Autoregulation of the MisR/MisS Two-Component Signal Transduction System in Neisseria meningitidis.. J. Bacteriol. 188: 5055-5065 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sukupolvi-Petty, S., Grass, S., StGeme, J. W. III (2006). The Haemophilus influenzae Type b hcsA and hcsB Gene Products Facilitate Transport of Capsular Polysaccharide across the Outer Membrane and Are Essential for Virulence. J. Bacteriol. 188: 3870-3877 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lacal, J., Busch, A., Guazzaroni, M.-E., Krell, T., Ramos, J. L. (2006). The TodS-TodT two-component regulatory system recognizes a wide range of effectors and works with DNA-bending proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103: 8191-8196 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yao, J., Allen, C. (2006). Chemotaxis Is Required for Virulence and Competitive Fitness of the Bacterial Wilt Pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum.. J. Bacteriol. 188: 3697-3708 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kim, S.-H., Jia, W., Parreira, V. R., Bishop, R. E., Gyles, C. L. (2006). Phosphoethanolamine substitution in the lipid A of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 and its association with PmrC.. Microbiology 152: 657-666 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Morita-Ishihara, T., Ogawa, M., Sagara, H., Yoshida, M., Katayama, E., Sasakawa, C. (2006). Shigella Spa33 Is an Essential C-ring Component of Type III Secretion Machinery. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 599-607 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Munoz-Rojas, J., Bernal, P., Duque, E., Godoy, P., Segura, A., Ramos, J.-L. (2006). Involvement of Cyclopropane Fatty Acids in the Response of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 to Freeze-Drying. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72: 472-477 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wroblewska-Seniuk, K., Selvarangan, R., Hart, A., Pladzyk, R., Goluszko, P., Jafari, A., du Merle, L., Nowicki, S., Yallampalli, C., Le Bouguenec, C., Nowicki, B. (2005). Dra/AfaE Adhesin of Uropathogenic Dr/Afa+ Escherichia coli Mediates Mortality in Pregnant Rats. Infect. Immun. 73: 7597-7601 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kajimura, J., Rahman, A., Rick, P. D. (2005). Assembly of Cyclic Enterobacterial Common Antigen in Escherichia coli K-12. J. Bacteriol. 187: 6917-6927 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Edelstein, P. H., Hu, B., Shinzato, T., Edelstein, M. A. C., Xu, W., Bessman, M. J. (2005). Legionella pneumophila NudA Is a Nudix Hydrolase and Virulence Factor. Infect. Immun. 73: 6567-6576 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nachin, L., Nannmark, U., Nystrom, T. (2005). Differential Roles of the Universal Stress Proteins of Escherichia coli in Oxidative Stress Resistance, Adhesion, and Motility. J. Bacteriol. 187: 6265-6272 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Segura, A., Godoy, P., van Dillewijn, P., Hurtado, A., Arroyo, N., Santacruz, S., Ramos, J.-L. (2005). Proteomic Analysis Reveals the Participation of Energy- and Stress-Related Proteins in the Response of Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E to Toluene. J. Bacteriol. 187: 5937-5945 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Weber, E., Koebnik, R. (2005). Domain Structure of HrpE, the Hrp Pilus Subunit of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. J. Bacteriol. 187: 6175-6186 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rasmussen, A. W., Alexander, H. L., Perkins-Balding, D., Shafer, W. M., Stojiljkovic, I. (2005). Resistance of Neisseria meningitidis to the Toxic Effects of Heme Iron and Other Hydrophobic Agents Requires Expression of ght. J. Bacteriol. 187: 5214-5223 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tzeng, Y.-L., Ambrose, K. D., Zughaier, S., Zhou, X., Miller, Y. K., Shafer, W. M., Stephens, D. S. (2005). Cationic Antimicrobial Peptide Resistance in Neisseria meningitidis. J. Bacteriol. 187: 5387-5396 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tran, S. L., Cook, G. M. (2005). The F1Fo-ATP Synthase of Mycobacterium smegmatis Is Essential for Growth. J. Bacteriol. 187: 5023-5028 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kanack, K. J., Crawford, J. A., Tatsuno, I., Karmali, M. A., Kaper, J. B. (2005). SepZ/EspZ Is Secreted and Translocated into HeLa Cells by the Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Type III Secretion System. Infect. Immun. 73: 4327-4337 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Folster, J. P., Shafer, W. M. (2005). Regulation of mtrF Expression in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Its Role in High-Level Antimicrobial Resistance. J. Bacteriol. 187: 3713-3720 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Parker, C., Meyer, R. (2005). Mechanisms of Strand Replacement Synthesis for Plasmid DNA Transferred by Conjugation. J. Bacteriol. 187: 3400-3406 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Edwards, K. J., Allen, S., Gibson, B. W., Campagnari, A. A. (2005). Characterization of a Cluster of Three Glycosyltransferase Enzymes Essential for Moraxella catarrhalis Lipooligosaccharide Assembly. J. Bacteriol. 187: 2939-2947 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Furano, K., Luke, N. R., Howlett, A. J., Campagnari, A. A. (2005). Identification of a conserved Moraxella catarrhalis haemoglobin-utilization protein, MhuA. Microbiology 151: 1151-1158 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kahler, C. M., Datta, A., Tzeng, Y.-l., Carlson, R. W., Stephens, D. S. (2005). Inner core assembly and structure of the lipooligosaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis: capacity of strain NMB to express all known immunotype epitopes. Glycobiology 15: 409-419 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Haites, R. E., Morita, Y. S., McConville, M. J., Billman-Jacobe, H. (2005). Function of Phosphatidylinositol in Mycobacteria. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 10981-10987 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Picking, W. L., Nishioka, H., Hearn, P. D., Baxter, M. A., Harrington, A. T., Blocker, A., Picking, W. D. (2005). IpaD of Shigella flexneri Is Independently Required for Regulation of Ipa Protein Secretion and Efficient Insertion of IpaB and IpaC into Host Membranes. Infect. Immun. 73: 1432-1440 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tzeng, Y.-L., Datta, A. K., Strole, C. A., Lobritz, M. A., Carlson, R. W., Stephens, D. S. (2005). Translocation and Surface Expression of Lipidated Serogroup B Capsular Polysaccharide in Neisseria meningitidis. Infect. Immun. 73: 1491-1505 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nishio, M., Okada, N., Miki, T., Haneda, T., Danbara, H. (2005). Identification of the outer-membrane protein PagC required for the serum resistance phenotype in Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis. Microbiology 151: 863-873 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nagai, T., Abe, A., Sasakawa, C. (2005). Targeting of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli EspF to Host Mitochondria Is Essential for Bacterial Pathogenesis: CRITICAL ROLE OF THE 16TH LEUCINE RESIDUE IN EspF. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 2998-3011 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Torres, A. G., Zhou, X., Kaper, J. B. (2005). Adherence of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Strains to Epithelial Cells. Infect. Immun. 73: 18-29 [Full Text]  
• Mason, K. M., Munson, R. S. Jr., Bakaletz, L. O. (2005). A Mutation in the sap Operon Attenuates Survival of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae in a Chinchilla Model of Otitis Media. Infect. Immun. 73: 599-608 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• van der Goot, F. G., van Nhieu, G. T., Allaoui, A., Sansonetti, P., Lafont, F. (2004). Rafts Can Trigger Contact-mediated Secretion of Bacterial Effectors via a Lipid-based Mechanism. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 47792-47798 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Furano, K., Campagnari, A. A. (2004). Identification of a Hemin Utilization Protein of Moraxella catarrhalis (HumA). Infect. Immun. 72: 6426-6432 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gudlavalleti, S. K., Datta, A. K., Tzeng, Y.-L., Noble, C., Carlson, R. W., Stephens, D. S. (2004). The Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup A Capsular Polysaccharide O-3 and O-4 Acetyltransferase. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 42765-42773 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Miki, T., Okada, N., Danbara, H. (2004). Two Periplasmic Disulfide Oxidoreductases, DsbA and SrgA, Target Outer Membrane Protein SpiA, a Component of the Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2 Type III Secretion System. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 34631-34642 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tzeng, Y.-L., Datta, A., Ambrose, K., Lo, M., Davies, J. K., Carlson, R. W., Stephens, D. S., Kahler, C. M. (2004). The MisR/MisS Two-component Regulatory System Influences Inner Core Structure and Immunotype of Lipooligosaccharide in Neisseria meningitidis. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 35053-35062 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Frirdich, E., Vinogradov, E., Whitfield, C. (2004). Biosynthesis of a Novel 3-Deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic Acid-containing Outer Core Oligosaccharide in the Lipopolysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 27928-27940 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Saeed-Kothe, A., Yang, W., Mills, S. D. (2004). Use of the Riboflavin Synthase Gene (ribC) as a Model for Development of an Essential Gene Disruption and Complementation System for Haemophilus influenzae. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70: 4136-4143 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wyckoff, E. E., Schmitt, M., Wilks, A., Payne, S. M. (2004). HutZ Is Required for Efficient Heme Utilization in Vibrio cholerae. J. Bacteriol. 186: 4142-4151 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lee, E.-H., Rouquette-Loughlin, C., Folster, J. P., Shafer, W. M. (2003). FarR Regulates the farAB-Encoded Efflux Pump of Neisseria gonorrhoeae via an MtrR Regulatory Mechanism. J. Bacteriol. 185: 7145-7152 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cersini, A., Martino, M. C., Martini, I., Rossi, G., Bernardini, M. L. (2003). Analysis of Virulence and Inflammatory Potential of Shigella flexneri Purine Biosynthesis Mutants. Infect. Immun. 71: 7002-7013 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rajanna, C., Wang, J., Zhang, D., Xu, Z., Ali, A., Hou, Y.-M., Karaolis, D. K. R. (2003). The Vibrio Pathogenicity Island of Epidemic Vibrio cholerae Forms Precise Extrachromosomal Circular Excision Products. J. Bacteriol. 185: 6893-6901 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Luke, N. R., Allen, S., Gibson, B. W., Campagnari, A. A. (2003). Identification of a 3-Deoxy-D-manno-Octulosonic Acid Biosynthetic Operon in Moraxella catarrhalis and Analysis of a KdsA-Deficient Isogenic Mutant. Infect. Immun. 71: 6426-6434 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Taniya, T., Mitobe, J., Nakayama, S.-i., Mingshan, Q., Okuda, K., Watanabe, H. (2003). Determination of the InvE Binding Site Required for Expression of IpaB of the Shigella sonnei Virulence Plasmid: Involvement of a ParB BoxA-Like Sequence. J. Bacteriol. 185: 5158-5165 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rojas, A., Segura, A., Guazzaroni, M. E., Teran, W., Hurtado, A., Gallegos, M. T., Ramos, J. L. (2003). In Vivo and In Vitro Evidence that TtgV Is the Specific Regulator of the TtgGHI Multidrug and Solvent Efflux Pump of Pseudomonas putida. J. Bacteriol. 185: 4755-4763 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Katzif, S., Danavall, D., Bowers, S., Balthazar, J. T., Shafer, W. M. (2003). The Major Cold Shock Gene, cspA, Is Involved in the Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus to an Antimicrobial Peptide of Human Cathepsin G. Infect. Immun. 71: 4304-4312 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Timpe, J. M., Holm, M. M., Vanlerberg, S. L., Basrur, V., Lafontaine, E. R. (2003). Identification of a Moraxella catarrhalis Outer Membrane Protein Exhibiting Both Adhesin and Lipolytic Activities. Infect. Immun. 71: 4341-4350 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Serrano, M., Corte, L., Opdyke, J., Moran, C. P. Jr., Henriques, A. O. (2003). Expression of spoIIIJ in the Prespore Is Sufficient for Activation of {sigma}G and for Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacteriol. 185: 3905-3917 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ward, C. K., Latimer, J. L., Nika, J., Vakevainen, M., Mock, J. R., Deng, K., Blick, R. J., Hansen, E. J. (2003). Mutations in the lspA1 and lspA2 Genes of Haemophilus ducreyi Affect the Virulence of This Pathogen in an Animal Model System. Infect. Immun. 71: 2478-2486 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ide, T., Michgehl, S., Knappstein, S., Heusipp, G., Schmidt, M. A. (2003). Differential Modulation by Ca2+ of Type III Secretion of Diffusely Adhering Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Infect. Immun. 71: 1725-1732 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Furano, K., Campagnari, A. A. (2003). Inactivation of the Moraxella catarrhalis 7169 Ferric Uptake Regulator Increases Susceptibility to the Bactericidal Activity of Normal Human Sera. Infect. Immun. 71: 1843-1848 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Loughlin, M. F., Barnard, F. M., Jenkins, D., Sharples, G. J., Jenks, P. J. (2003). Helicobacter pylori Mutants Defective in RuvC Holliday Junction Resolvase Display Reduced Macrophage Survival and Spontaneous Clearance from the Murine Gastric Mucosa. Infect. Immun. 71: 2022-2031 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Harrington, A. T., Hearn, P. D., Picking, W. L., Barker, J. R., Wessel, A., Picking, W. D. (2003). Structural Characterization of the N Terminus of IpaC from Shigella flexneri. Infect. Immun. 71: 1255-1264 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tomich, M., Griffith, A., Herfst, C. A., Burns, J. L., Mohr, C. D. (2003). Attenuated Virulence of a Burkholderia cepacia Type III Secretion Mutant in a Murine Model of Infection. Infect. Immun. 71: 1405-1415 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Post, D. M. B., Ketterer, M. R., Phillips, N. J., Gibson, B. W., Apicella, M. A. (2003). The msbB Mutant of Neisseria meningitidis Strain NMB Has a Defect in Lipooligosaccharide Assembly and Transport to the Outer Membrane. Infect. Immun. 71: 647-655 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rouquette-Loughlin, C., Dunham, S. A., Kuhn, M., Balthazar, J. T., Shafer, W. M. (2003). The NorM Efflux Pump of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis Recognizes Antimicrobial Cationic Compounds. J. Bacteriol. 185: 1101-1106 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Foultier, B., Troisfontaines, P., Vertommen, D., Marenne, M.-N., Rider, M., Parsot, C., Cornelis, G. R. (2003). Identification of Substrates and Chaperone from the Yersinia enterocolitica 1B Ysa Type III Secretion System. Infect. Immun. 71: 242-253 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Vindurampulle, C. J., Attridge, S. R. (2003). Impact of Vector Priming on the Immunogenicity of Recombinant Salmonella Vaccines. Infect. Immun. 71: 287-297 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zhang, D., Xu, Z., Sun, W., Karaolis, D. K. R. (2003). The Vibrio Pathogenicity Island-Encoded Mop Protein Modulates the Pathogenesis and Reactogenicity of Epidemic Vibrio cholerae. Infect. Immun. 71: 510-515 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Veal, W. L., Shafer, W. M. (2003). Identification of a cell envelope protein (MtrF) involved in hydrophobic antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J Antimicrob Chemother 51: 27-37 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mavris, M., Sansonetti, P. J., Parsot, C. (2002). Identification of the cis-Acting Site Involved in Activation of Promoters Regulated by Activity of the Type III Secretion Apparatus in Shigella flexneri. J. Bacteriol. 184: 6751-6759 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gomez, H. F., Ochoa, T. J., Herrera-Insua, I., Carlin, L. G., Cleary, T. G. (2002). Lactoferrin Protects Rabbits from Shigella flexneri-Induced Inflammatory Enteritis. Infect. Immun. 70: 7050-7053 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kane, C. D., Schuch, R., Day, W. A. Jr, Maurelli, A. T. (2002). MxiE Regulates Intracellular Expression of Factors Secreted by the Shigella flexneri 2a Type III Secretion System. J. Bacteriol. 184: 4409-4419 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Runyen-Janecky, L. J., Payne, S. M. (2002). Identification of Chromosomal Shigella flexneri Genes Induced by the Eukaryotic Intracellular Environment. Infect. Immun. 70: 4379-4388 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schreiber, W., Stone, K. D., Strong, M. A., DeTolla, L. J. Jr, Hoppert, M., Donnenberg, M. S. (2002). BfpU, a soluble protein essential for type IV pilus biogenesis in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Microbiology 148: 2507-2518 [Abstract] [Full Text]